Epidemiological surveillance based on the use of wastewater is carried out to monitor different pathogens and toxic agents that are excreted through feces and urine in a population. One example is the poliovirus that, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), must be subjected to environmental surveillance. This research line aims at the study of the capacity of the surveillance systems to detect and quantify the presence of viruses in water as a fundamental epidemiological tool for early warning to help decision-making regarding prevention and control measures and treatment methods used to reduce the virus. This is currently being applied for SARS-CoV-2.